Air pollution has become a major health risk in china. Guidelines fromamerican academy of pediatrics aap for management of jaundice in a normal term newborn have been. Clinical pathway handbook for hyperbilirubinemia in term. Neonatal jaundice is the commonest cause of admission for newborns. Ministry of health and longterm care of ontario created date. Based on the recommendations of american academy of pediatrics. Jaundice occurs in approximately 60% of the 4 million neonates born yearly in the united states. Neonates without prior history of intensive phototherapy treatment.
Pdf hyperbilirubinemia is the commonest morbidity in the neonatal. For centuries, neonatal jaundice icterus neonatorum has been observed in newborns. Neonatal jaundice can be classified as physiological and pathological and can have. Most jaundice is benign, but because of the potential toxicity of bilirubin, newborn infants must be monitored to identify those who might develop severe hyperbilirubinemia and, in rare cases, acute bilirubin encephalopathy or kernicterus. Professor, department of pediatrics, the university of chicago, and wyler childrens hospital, chicago, il. Clinical pathway handbook for hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm infants. Because virtually every newborn infant has an elevated serum bilirubin in comparison with the normal adult and more than 50% are visibly jaundiced during the first week of. Neonatal jaundice overview nice pathways bring together everything nice says on a topic in an interactive flowchart. Find local newborn jaundice neonatal jaundice resources for the top u. Hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn american academy of. Manage neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, including referral to the neonatal intensive care unit for exchange transfusion. American academy of pediatrics guidelines for instituting. This work is licensed under creative commons attributionnoncommercialnoderivatives 3.
Describe the factors that affect the dosage and efficacy of phototherapy. Although neonatal jaundice is common, acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus i. Jaundice is a common clinical sign in newborns, especially during the first 2 weeks after birth. The term jaundice, derived from the french word jaune, meaning yellow, is a yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes that is caused by tissue deposition of pigmented bilirubin. Describe the physiologic mechanisms that result in neonatal jaundice. The focus of this guideline is to reduce the incidence of severe hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin encephalopathy. Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35. Hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn, also referred to as neonatal jaundice. Universal screening for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is. Jaundice in the newborn has presented a diagnostic challenge to clinicians for millennia. Pdf about 50% of term and 80% of preterm babies develop jaundice, which usually appears 2 to 4 days after. Describe the evaluation of hyperbilirubinemia from birth through 3 months of age. Describe the factors that place an infant at risk for developing severe hyperbilirubinemia. Use of a smartphone app to assess neonatal jaundice.
Jaundice is also known as icterus, from the ancient greek word ikteros, signifying jaundice. Smartphone screening for neonatal jaundice via ambientsubtracted sclera chromaticity. Description of the clinical pathway for hyperbilirubinemia in term and. Management of indirect neonatal hyperbilirubinemia michigan. Nice pathways are interactive and designed to be used online.